ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF SOFT TISSUES AROUND THE IMPLANT, AFFECTING THE LONG-TERM RESULT OF IMPLANTOLOGICAL TREATMENT (LITERATURE REVIEW)

The quantity and quality of bone tissue, as well as the condition of soft tissues around dental implants, are among the most important factors determining the long-term clinical outcome of implantation. There are many reasons why it is important to pay attention to the condition of soft tissues around implants. Factors such as a shallow vestibule, the level of attachment of the frenulum of the lips can affect the development of periodontal pathology in 1.4-2.5% of cases. Many people believe that the structural features of the tissues and organs of the oral cavity, or the biotype (phenotype) of the periodontal tissues, are of great importance for the stability of periodontal tissues. It has now been established that the surface topography of the implant plays an important role in the processes of osseointegration, causing, in particular, the risk of periimplantitis [70, 137, 73]. The article presents literature data describing the most common causes of soft tissue recession in the area of dental implants and the criteria for a successful outcome of implant treatment. Purpose of the research is to study the literature data on the most common causes of soft tissue recession in the area of dental implants. The review and analysis of literary sources was carried out using keywords on the electronic resources of the Scopus, Web of Science, Med Line, The Cochrane Library, and Russian Science Citation Index databases. Foreign and domestic sources were used to write the review article. Insufficient width of the attached keratinized gingiva zone and high mobility of soft tissues lead to unsatisfactory aesthetic and functional results. The aesthetic result of implant treatment will not be perfect in the absence of gingival papillae, non-physiological gingival contour and soft tissue recession. One of the important biological parameters, such as biological width, gingival complex, position of the bone margin, width, etc., is the concept of gingival biotype. While planning dental implantation, it is necessary to take into account the gingival biotype to predict the results of the operation in order to maximally preserve the volume and width of the attached mucosa.