The Evolution of Dowry Practices in Punjabi Culture (Pakistan): A Historical Analysis from Tradition to Modernity

Dowry (Jahez) remains a deeply entrenched social issue in Punjab, Pakistan, despite legal prohibitions under the *Dowry and Bridal Gifts (Restriction) Act, 2016. This study examines the historical evolution of dowry practices, their socio-economic drivers, and the failure of policy implementation. Through case studies and legal analysis, it highlights systemic gaps—corruption, patriarchal norms, and lack of public awareness—that perpetuate dowry-related exploitation. The study argues for a multi-faceted solution, including stricter enforcement via digital registries, community engagement with religious leaders to promote HaqMehr, and fast-track courts for victims. By aligning legal frameworks with cultural and Islamic principles, Punjab can curb this harmful practice and advance gender justice.