Kleinian Spacetime: A Novel Topological Perspective

Changelog – Version 2.4 New Section 5.3: Added discussion on how the Kleinian spacetime model could naturally account for the observed discrepancy in cosmic expansion rate measurements (Hubble tension) — by recognizing that different regions of the Klein bottle topology may exhibit different local expansion rates. Updated Comparative Analysis: Expanded theoretical compatibility notes with General Relativity, cyclic cosmology, and other major frameworks. References & Related Literature: Added relevant literature to strengthen context and show alignment or distinction from prior work. Minor Edits: Improved terminology consistency, clarified certain definitions, and refined diagrams (if applicable).