Development of biology textbooks based on the potential of the mangrove habitat to improve the eco-literacy skills of students in the topic of ecosystems

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the efficacy, practicality, and validity of biology textbooks based on mangrove habitat potential in enhancing the eco-literacy competencies of X IPA high school students with respect to ecosystem materials. This research is of a developmental nature, employing the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) as a framework for its methodology. The results demonstrated that the textbooks developed are valid and suitable for incorporation into the learning process, with the objective of enhancing students' eco-literacy skills with respect to ecosystem material. The results of the teacher observation analysis indicate that the textbooks developed are of an exemplary quality. The effectiveness of the course books in enhancing students' eco-literacy skills was evaluated through the N-Gain calculation. The N-Gain test yielded a result of (g) ≥ 0.7, indicating a high level of improvement. This suggests that students have developed a robust understanding of the interconnections between environmental concepts and ecosystem material.