The Impact of Industry 4.0 on Industrial Competitiveness: A Bibliometric Analysis of Challenges and Opportunities

This article explores the evolution of industry through successive industrial revolutions, from mechanization in the 18th century to the current digital revolution marked by the advent of Industry 4.0. This transition signifies a profound metamorphosis in how industries engage with technology. Using a systematic literature review methodology, this study conducts an empirical analysis of public perception of this revolution, based on indicators such as online searches, academic production, and startup investments. The findings reveal three major trends: Firstly, public interest in Industry 4.0 has significantly increased, indicating a growing awareness of its transformative potential. Secondly, academic research on the subject is thriving, with over 200,000 articles published in the last decade, highlighting the dynamism of this field. Finally, investments in startups dedicated to Industry 4.0 have surged by over 300% in the last decade, attesting to investors' conviction in the capacity of these technologies to revolutionize industries and create new business opportunities. In summary, Industry 4.0 emerges as a major transformative force, sparking growing interest and fueling significant advancements in research and startup funding. Keywords: Industry 4.0, Digital Revolution, Mechanization, Industry Evolution, Technological Transformation Classification JEL: O23. Paper type: Theoretical Research