Advancements in Leak Detection Techniques for Onshore and Offshore Pipelines

Pipeline leak detection is a critical aspect of ensuring the safety, environmental sustainability, andoperational efficiency of oil and gas transportation systems. Undetected leaks can result in severeeconomic losses, environmental pollution, and hazardous accidents, particularly in onshore and offshorepipelines. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of traditional and modern leak detectiontechniques, highlighting their effectiveness, challenges, and potential improvements. Conventionalmethods, such as pressure monitoring and acoustic sensing, are compared with emerging technologies,including artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and fiber optic sensing, which offerenhanced accuracy and real-time monitoring capabilities. The research also examines the impact ofregulatory frameworks and industry standards on leak detection practices, exploring how policyenforcement influences technology adoption. Additionally, the study identifies future researchopportunities aimed at improving pipeline integrity management. Through an extensive review of existingliterature and case studies, this thesis aims to provide valuable insights for industry professionals,researchers, and policymakers to enhance leak detection systems and mitigate pipeline-related risks.