Qualitative Study on Philosophical Issues in Teaching and Learning Outcomes of Secondary School Students in Cross River State, Nigeria.

Some philosophical schools (on teaching approaches) and proffered teaching approaches methods have been captured in this study to further examine and proffer effective teaching methods for teachers. The study adopted a quantitative research design which involve a historical method analysis and prescription. Thus, the study looked at philosophical schools of thought on teaching approaches like essentialism, perennialism, progressivism, social reconstructionism, conservatism and humanism, and their views on teaching approaches/ methods. The study concludes that teaching should be student-centered, teacher- centered and society- centered among others. The researchers recommended among others that different approaches or methods should be applied in the teaching and learning process, as this will benefit each student at their different levels of ability and capability. Keywords: Philosophical issues, Teaching strategies, Secondary schools, Education