BASHKIRDS AND CHUVASHES IN THE XVII-XIX CENTURIES

This article analyzes the social, economic, and political transformations experienced by the Bashkir and Chuvash peoples under the influence of the Russian Empire between the XVII and XIX centuries. During this period, both groups underwent a transition from a nomadic to a sedentary lifestyle, largely as a result of policies implemented by the Russian government to consolidate its authority. The Russian Empire pursued a strategy of settlement in Bashkir and Chuvash territories, establishing new administrative structures and exerting significant influence over the socio-political organization of these populations. In response, the Bashkir and Chuvash peoples engaged in various uprisings to defend their autonomy; however, these rebellions were systematically suppressed by the imperial authorities. Additionally, class divisions within their social structures became more pronounced, leading to heightened tensions between the feudal elite and community members. Economic development was evident, particularly in the expansion of livestock breeding and agricultural practices. Despite the political and social pressures imposed by the Russian Empire, the Bashkir and Chuvash peoples actively resisted in an effort to preserve their national identity and cultural heritage.