Placental Malaria Diagnosis and Risk of Neonatal Anemia: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract Placental malaria (PM) is a significant complication of malaria during pregnancy, caused primarily by Plasmodium falciparum. This condition leads to sequestration of infected erythrocytes in the placenta, causing inflammation and reduced nutrient exchange, which can result in neonatal anemia, low birth weight, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Diagnosing placental malaria remains challenging due to its asymptomatic nature in many cases. This review explores the diagnostic techniques for placental malaria, its pathophysiology, and the association between PM and neonatal anemia. It also examines current preventive and therapeutic strategies to mitigate these complications, referencing recent studies.