Nanoformulated ACE Inhibitors in Hypertension Management: A Transformative Leap Beyond Conventional Therapies

Hypertension remains a leading global public health challenge, contributing significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. While Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have long served as a cornerstone in the pharmacologic management of hypertension, conventional formulations suffer from limitations including poor bioavailability, extensive first-pass metabolism, and side effects such as dry cough and angioedema. Recent advances in nanotechnology offer innovative solutions to these challenges. Nanoformulations including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and nanocrystals enhance the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of ACE inhibitors, allowing for targeted delivery, reduced dosing frequency, and improved patient compliance. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the development, mechanism, pharmacological benefits, and clinical outcomes of nanoformulated ACE inhibitors. Comparisons with conventional antihypertensive therapies (e.g., beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers) highlight the superior cardiovascular protection and organ-targeted efficacy of ACE inhibitors. Nanocarrier systems demonstrate significant potential in overcoming traditional drug delivery barriers and optimizing therapeutic performance, positioning them as next-generation solutions in hypertension management.