Estimate the Level of FSH, LH and Its Relation with AMH in Females with PCOS and Healthy Control Group

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting 6-8% of women worldwide, associated with reproductive dysfunction, metabolic disturbances, and increased cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in PCOS patients compared to healthy controls. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 116 women (76 with PCOS and 40 controls) aged 15-35 years, diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria. The results demonstrated significantly higher levels of LH (12.449±4.86 mIU/ml) and AMH (6.812±3.32 ng/ml) in PCOS patients compared to controls (LH: 5.436±4.32 mIU/ml; AMH: 2.479±2.30 ng/ml), while FSH levels were lower in PCOS patients (5.872±1.92 mIU/ml) versus controls (7.153±3.15 mIU/ml). A reversal in the LH/FSH ratio was observed in PCOS, suggesting gonadotropin dysregulation. Elevated AMH levels highlight its diagnostic potential for PCOS, independent of the menstrual cycle. In conclusion, the altered hormonal profiles in PCOS patients support the utility of AMH as a diagnostic marker, alongside disruptions in LH and FSH levels, offering insights into PCOS pathophysiology and diagnosis.