Creatine Supplementation and its Impact on Renal Function

Background: Creatine is a popular sports supplement that has been extensively studied for its potential benefits in athletic performance and muscle growth. However, there is ongoing debate about its potential impact on renal (kidney) function.Objective: This narrative review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the effects of creatine supplementation on renal function, covering research published from 2020 to 2024.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases, and 20 relevant studies were included in the review. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed, and relevant data was extracted and synthesized.Results: The majority of the studies (15 out of 20) found no significant adverse effects of creatine supplementation on measures of renal function, such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum creatinine, and urinary protein levels. Several studies also reported that creatine supplementation did not worsen renal function in individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions. However, a small number of studies (5 out of 20) suggested that high-dose or long-term creatine supplementation may be associated with a slight increase in serum creatinine levels.Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that creatine supplementation is generally safe for renal function in healthy individuals and those with pre-existing kidney conditions. However, ongoing monitoring and further research are warranted to fully understand the long-term effects and potential mechanisms involved.