Comparison of Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury with Initial GCS at the Time of admission: A Prospective, Analytical Study

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with results depending on severity, demography, and clinical presentation. Commonly used to assess consciousness levels in TBI patients, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) may predict prognosis. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the correlation between initial GCS scores at admission and patient outcomes, including mortality, neurological recovery, and hospital stay duration, in a cohort of TBI patients. Methodology: A prospective, analytical study of 160 traumatic brain injury patients was conducted at Patna Medical College & Hospital from November 2019 to October 2020. Initial GCS scores allocated patients to severe (GCS 3-8), moderate (GCS 9-12), and mild (GCS 13-15) TBI groups. Initial GCS mortality, neurological progress at discharge, and hospital stay were studied. Results: Severe TBI (GCS 3-8) had the highest mortality rate (41.7%) and poorest recovery outcomes, while mild TBI (GCS 13-15) had the highest recovery rate (83.3%) and lowest mortality (3.3%). Low initial GCS scores meant longer hospital stays. Early GCS scores are strongly correlated with patient prognosis. Conclusion: Lower initial GCS scores at admission predict increased mortality, poorer neurological outcomes, and longer hospital stays in TBI patients. This emphasizes GCS’s reliability in early TBI assessment and prognostic planning.