Chilo ZINCKEN 1817

CHILO ZINCKEN, 1817 Chilo Zincken, 1817: 33. Type species: Tinea phragmitella Hübner, 1810 = Borer * Guenée, 1862: 68-70. Type species: Phalaena saccharalis Fabricius sensu Guenée, 1862. Tams 1942: 67 (syn.) = Chilona Sodoffsky, 1837: 94 = Chilotraea Kapur, 1950: 402, 403. Type species: Chilo infuscatellus Snellen, 1890. Błeszyński 1962 d: 1 (syn.) = Diphryx Grote, 1881 d: 273. Type species: Diphryx prolatella Grote, 1881. Hampson 1896: 954 (syn.) = Hypiesta Hampson, 1919 a: 538. Type species: Hypiesta argyrogramma Hampson, 1919. Błeszyński, 1965, p. 102 (syn.) = Nephalia Turner, 1911: 113. Type species: Nephalia crypsimetalla Turner, 1911. Błeszyński 1966: 478 (syn.) = Silveria Dyar, 1925: 10. Type species: Silveria hexhex Dyar, 1925. DIAGNOSIS Błeszyński provided a world revision for the genus (Bleszynski, 1970), and Landry provides a redescription of the genus (Landry, 1995). Species of Chilo have yellow to brown forewings with subterminal line, devoid of longitudinal lines, with many species having metallic scales, which are hypothesized as the apomorphy for the genus by Landry (Bleszynski, 1970c; Landry, 1995). Male genitalia have the following characters: uncus short and stout; gnathos as long as uncus; valva rather simple; vinculum conspicuously projected; pseudosaccus present; juxta usually with long arms, sometimes assymetrical (Bleszynski, 1970c). Female genitalia with papillae anales coalesced dorsally and ventrally; posterior apophyses roughly the length of tergite VIII; anterior apophyses 2-3 X tergite length; sterigma absent; antrum sclerotized; ductus bursae often with longitudinal sclerotized ridges; corpus bursae variable in shape, with or without cornuti. DISTRIBUTION Known from all continents except Antarctica (Bleszynski, 1970c; Nuss et al., 2003 –2023). The genus shows its highest diversity in the Afrotropics (Bleszynski, 1970c). Some pest species show wide distributions. Seven species are reported from the Philippines: Chilo auricilius Dudgeon, 1905, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen, 1890, Chilo luteellus (Motschulsky, 1866), Chilo pulverata (Wileman & South, 1917), Chilo polychrysus (Meyrick, 1932), Chilo sacchariphagus (Bojer, 1856), and Chilo suppressalis (Walker, 1863). PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS The genus Chilo is part of the Chiloini (Léger et al., 2019).