Model: Problem Areas in Sensory Stimuli and Conflict in Communication Mediation.

From a historical perspective, the 1949 sender-receiver model by Claude E. Shannon and Warren Weaver shaped the understanding of communication as a process of conveying information. On a technical level, the transport of information takes place as a linear, one-way process between a sender/transmitter (who encodes the information into material signals) and a receiver (who decodes the signals).[1] Originally, the model was developed from the perspective of the telephone medium in order to recognize potential disturbances in signal transmission (e.g. through noise, distorted radio waves or image interference). In this context, a communication was successful if the technical signal transmission was neutral and free of interference and the transmitted message was identical to the received message. Nowadays, technical impairments between encoded and decoded messages occur to a much lesser extent than in the 20th century, although, for example, cell phone reception can be repeatedly disrupted by external interference despite Wi-Fi networks or the reception of FM radio broadcasts. According to Alfred-Joachim Hermanni, discrepancies between the encoded and decoded message occur in the phases of the communication process, especially since, in addition to language, non-verbal signals such as facial expressions and gestures are generally sent and human senses influence the transfer process between transmission and reception. [2] Hermanni attempts to identify universal sources of interference in a sender-receiver transmission and distinguishes between four major problem areas.