Water Tariff Structures and Access to Clean Water. A Case Study of Lira City, Uganda

This study investigates the influence of water tariffs, willingness to pay, and household income on access to clean water in Lira City, Uganda. A mixed-method approach was employed, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The Quantitative data was gathered through a structured questionnaire survey, while qualitative insights were obtained from focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews. The questionnaire survey captured responses from a diverse cross-section of households, assessing their perceptions of water pricing, accessibility, and service quality. FGDs and key informant interviews provided in-depth perspectives from community leaders, public stand or yard tap attendants, and water management committee members, enriching the understanding of the contextual dynamics influencing water access. The findings reveal a significant relationship between water tariff levels and access to clean water, with affordability of water tariffs emerging as a critical factor. While the majority of households found current tariffs manageable, a substantial portion reported difficulties in affording water services, particularly among lower-income groups. The study also highlights a strong willingness among residents to pay more for reliable and higher-quality water services, dependent on improved proximity and quality service. These results highlight the importance of policy interventions that include targeted subsidies to improve water accessibility for vulnerable populations and enhance efficiency in service delivery. They also emphasize the necessity for strong regulatory frameworks, increased transparency, and active community participation in the tariff determination processes, which will help reduce inequalities.