Determinants of Maternal and Child Health Outcomes in Rural Oyo State, Nigeria: A Quantitative Analysis

Abstract Background and Objective: High maternal and child mortality remains a significant public health concern, particularly in rural areas. This study sought to understand the determinants of maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes in rural areas of Oyo State, Nigeria, focusing on factors influencing these outcomes and identifying strategies for improvement. Materials and Methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. A sample of 500 mothers with children under five living in diverse rural areas in Oyo State was selected using purposive sampling and administered structured questionnaires, including demographic data and research questions, in order to collect data. Their responses gathered were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: The results showed that the majority of the respondents aged 30-39, or 45%, responded more to the questionnaire. 178 or 36% of respondents had no formal education, 80 or 16% were highly educated. The employment status revealed that 180 or 37% of the respondents were unemployed. 36% of the sample had access to antenatal and postnatal care referral, skilled health workers and emergency obstetric care, 42% to treated water supply, and good sanitation, 36% to communication and transportation services, and 32% used mosquito-treated nets for malaria prophylaxis. 66% rely on traditional healers or birth attendants for their delivery and basic health care needs, 62% refuse to vaccinate their children due to concerns that vaccinations are unsafe, and 40% care or make much provision for adequate infant child feeding and balanced diets. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study concluded that the findings significantly influence MCH outcomes in the rural areas of Oyo State. This study suggests the need for improved MCH in rural areas of Oyo State. Targeted interventions addressing socio-economic and basic amenities needs are recommended to improve outcomes, reducing the morbidity and mortality rates. Keywords: Determinants, healthcare access. maternal and child health, Nigeria, Oyo State