Review of the Abstract: Targeted therapy in thyroid cancer

The precision medicine approach to the treatment of thyroid cancer involves the creation of personalized therapeutic plans based on the genetic profile and specific features of each patient's tumor. This strategy has led to marked improvements in patient outcomes and quality of life. Over the past decade, various agents such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, serine/threonine kinase inhibitors, B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) inhibitors, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/MEK) inhibitors, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors, redifferentiation agents, and immunotherapy agents have shown significant efficacy in the treatment of TC. These treatments are particularly useful for radioiodine-resistant (RAIR) differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), as well as advanced, recurrent, or residual anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). These agents have minimal contraindications, and as their use becomes more common, there is a deeper understanding of their safety profiles. Although side effects are usually treatable, in some cases it may be necessary to stop treatment or switch to another medication. The growing arsenal of available drugs and new targets continues to expand, driven by ongoing clinical trials. Current challenges include the use of these treatments during pregnancy, the risk of haematological malignancies, geographical differences in access and cost, the development of definitive guidelines, and the management of drug resistance. Advances in molecular diagnostics, artificial intelligence, and gene-editing technologies could revolutionize the field of targeted therapies in the near future.