Impact of Medium and Large Dams on Tribal Community in Maharashtra

Abstract: The displacement of tribal communities due to the construction of medium and large dams in Maharashtra is a critical issue with profound social, economic, and cultural implications. Dams such as Koyna, Tungabhadra, and Bhatsa, along with numerous others, have led to the submergence of vast tracts of land, including agricultural fields and forests vital for the livelihoods of tribal populations. The forced displacement often results in the loss of access to traditional resources, such as water, land, and forests, which are essential for agriculture, fishing, and subsistence activities. Despite legal frameworks like the Forest Rights Act (2006) and the Land Acquisition Act (2013) designed to protect tribal rights, the rehabilitation and resettlement processes have frequently been inadequate, leaving displaced communities marginalized and impoverished. Tribals often face increased poverty, loss of cultural identity, and social disintegration. This paper explores the causes and consequences of tribal displacement due to dam projects in Maharashtra, highlighting the environmental, economic, and psychological challenges faced by affected communities. It also discusses the gaps in policy implementation and the need for more effective rehabilitation, legal protection, and advocacy for the rights of displaced tribal populations. The research aims to underscore the urgent need for a balanced approach to development, one that prioritizes the rights and well-being of tribal communities while pursuing infrastructure and water management goals