Orphe vatinius Godman 1901

Orphe vatinius Godman, 1901 (Figs 2, 3B, 5, 6C, D, 7) Orphe vatinius Godman, 1901, in Godman & Salvin. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep.-Rhop. 2, p. 619; 3, pl. 104, fig. 31 (venation), 32 (male gen.); 6 males, Guiana; Amazonas, [Brazil]; E. Peru.-Mabille, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 168.-Draudt, 1923, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 991.- Williams & Hayward, 1944. Acta zool. Lill. 2: 222.- Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 366.- Evans, 1955. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, p. 247, pl. 70 (male gen.); syn.: brooksii.-Lamas, 1969. Biota 7: 339.-Lewis, 1973. Butt. World, p. 84, fig. 26 (d), p. 247.-Lewis, 1975. Marip. Mundo, p. 84, fig. 26 (d), p. 247.-Lamas, 1981. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 6: 38.-Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 18, 123; 2, p. 24; syn.: brooksii.-Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 29, 195; 2, p. 39; syn.: brooksii.-Lamas, 1994, in Foster et al. RAP Working Papers 6: 176.-Bridges, 1994. Cat. Fam.-Group, Gen.-Group, Sp.-Group Nam. Hesp. (Lep.) World 8, p. 35, 235; 9, p. 44; syn.: brooksii.-Robbins et al., 1996, in Wilson & Sandoval. Manu, p. 250.-Moreno, Silva & Estévez, 1998. Marip. Ecuador, p. 160.-O. Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 74, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: brooksii.-O. Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 5, p. 1127; syn.: brooksii. -Garwood et al., 2007. Butt. South. Amaz., p. 233, fig. (d).-Garwood et al., 2009. Butt. South. Amaz., 2 nd ed., p. 322, figs (d, v).-Silva, [2011]. Ecol. Mariposas Ecuador, p. 201.-Garwood & Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 176, figs (male, female v).-Palo Jr., 2017. Borb. Brasil 3, p. 2319.- Glassberg, 2017. Swift Guide Butt. Mexico and C. America, 2 nd ed., p. 259, fig. (v); hostplant.-Sambhu & Nankishore, 2018. Zootaxa 4371 (1): 29.- Li et al., 2019. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sc. 116 (13): 6232-6237, fig. 1 (genomic tree); S1 App., p. 74, 91 (Fig. S1, phylogenetic tree).- Cong et al., 2019. Insecta Mundi 731: 51, fig. 13 (genomic tree).- Zhang et al., 2022. Insecta Mundi 921: 95, 127, fig. 17 (genomic tree).-Mota et al., 2022. Biota Neotrop. 22 (3): e20221367, p. 19.-Gallardo & Diaz, 2022. Guide Butt. Honduras, p. 334.-Kawahara et al., 2023. Nat. Ecol. & Evol. 7: 903-913, Fig. S1 (time calibrated tree), Table S1 (specimen inf.). Pamphila brooksii Weeks, 1906. Ent. News 17: 204; VII-1899, Suapure, Venezuela. Turesis brooksii; Draudt, 1923, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 990. Orphe brooksii; Bell, 1933. Ent. News 44: 265.-Bell, 1946. Bol. Ent. venezol. 5: 180. (no genus) vatinius; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 282. (no genus) brooksii; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 99. Taxonomic history Orphe vatinius was described by Godman (1901) based on six males from Guyana, Amazonas [Brazil], and Peru. Weeks (1906) described Pamphila brooksii based on an unspecified number of specimens from Suapure, [Bolívar], Venezuela. Draudt (1923) transferred P. brooksii to Turesis Godman, 1901, and Bell (1933) transferred it to Orphe Godman, 1901 claiming that this species was similar to O. vatinius due to the stigma on the forewing. Evans (1955) treated O. brooksii as a junior synonym of O. vatinius. Etymology Not informed by the author. Diagnosis FW length: male, 20–22 mm; female, 20–21 mm. The male of this species superficially resembles P. pyrex; however, it can be easily distinguished from it by the stigma. The female is distinguished from P. pyrex by the grey, sometimes light yellowish scales on the VHW, whereas P. pyrex has dark yellowish scales in the discal to anal areas of the VHW. Male wings ventrally covered with ferruginous scales (Fig. 2B), and female VHW usually with grey, sometimes light yellowish, scales in central and submarginal areas, (Figs 2D, F). Stigma with a wavy-looking rows of scales in CuA 1 and 2A (Fig. 3B). Male genitalia (Fig. 5) with anterior projection of saccus longer than the tegumen + uncus; uncus distally bifid; gnathos with a few spines distally; valva, harpe with a dorso-distal spined bifid projection; ampulla directed distally; aedeagus with several long cornuti. Female genitalia (Fig. 6C–D) with lamella antevaginalis triangle-shaped formed by two lateral plates towards and not exceeding the lamella postvaginalis; median projection of lamella antevaginalis reaching the lamella postvaginalis. Comments In some males FW, two small hyaline spots are found in M 1 –M 2. The female sensu Evans (1955) presents the yellowish phenotype in the VHW from specimens from Colombia and Ecuador he examined. Two females from Costa Rica found in OM collection matched Evans’s description, and these specimens show hyaline spot in CuA 1 – CuA 2 on FW broader than in other female specimens. Despite these differences, the female genitalia are similar among these specimens. Type material Orphe vatinius was described by Godman (1901) based on six males collected in Guyana, Amazonas (Brazil), and Peru. One syntype male, found in NHMUK, has the following labels: / Type H.T. / Type / Massauary Hahn[el]. [Massauari, District of Boa Vista do Ramos] Amazons [Amazonas, Brasil] (Ex Staudinger) / male / B.C.A. Lep. Rhop. Orphe vatinius. Godm. / Godman-Salvin. Coll. 1914.-5 /. Thus, in order to stabilize the identity of this species, this syntype is designated herein as the lectotype, adding the following two labels: / LECTOTYPUS / Lectotype Orphe vatinius Godman, 1901 Suênia-Bastos, Mielke & Casagrande det. 2024/. Pamphila brooksii was described by Weeks (1906) based on an unspecified number of specimens from Suapure [Bolívar], Venezuela and deposited at the MCZ. One syntype male, found in MCZ, has the following labels: / A. G. Weeks Collection / M.C.Z. Type 16720 / Pamphila brooksii Weeks HOLOTYPE / Suapure, Ven., VII-25-1899 /. Thus, in order to stabilize the identity of this species, this syntype is designated herein as the lectotype, adding the following two labels: / LECTOTYPUS / Lectotype Pamphila brooksii Weeks, 1906 Suênia-Bastos, Mielke & Casagrande det. 2024/. Material examined The remaining material examined: COSTA RICA: Heredia, (Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí), 16-XII-1995, 1♀, 23-X-1994, 1♀, Pagels leg., OM 53.072, 40.275 (OM). PERU: Madre de Díos, Manú (Rio Manú), 11°58’S, 71°17’W, no data, 1♂, I. Bohorquez leg., DZ 58.128 (DZUP); (Manú National Park), 11°55’48”S, 71°15’18”W, 340 m, 19-X-1991, 1♂, R. Robbins leg., DZ 58.129 (DZUP), 28-IX-1991, 1♂, O. Mielke leg., DZ 58.130 (DZUP), 28-IX-1991, 1♂, G. Lamas leg., DZ 58.132 (DZUP); Puerto Maldonado (Tambopata National Reserve), 12°50’S, 69°17’W, 300 m, 26-X-1991, 1♂, O. Mielke leg., DZ 58.131 (DZUP); (Shintuya, 3.3 km NE Albergue Pantiacolla), 12°39’21”S, 71°13’53”W, 400 m, 18-22-VI-2019, 1♂, 4-8-XI-2017, 1♂, O. Mielke leg., OM 88.627, 85.958 (OM). Loreto, Iquitos, 100 m, 30-VII-1992, 1♂, Büche leg., OM 35.595 (OM). ECUADOR: Napo, (Yanahurco), 550 m, 5-IX-1978, 1♂, Lafebre leg., OM 91.737 (OM). Cotopaxi, (Milimbanco), 3,900 m, IX-1971, 1♂, Lafebre leg., OM 91.727 (OM). BRAZIL: Acre, Senador Guiomard (Reserva Catuaba-UFAC), 22-IX-2003, 1♂, 200 m, 2-5-IX-2004, 4♂, O. Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 58.134, 58.142–58.145 (DZUP), 17-19-VII-2004, 1♀, O. & C. Mielke leg., OM 65.181 (OM); Xapuri (Seringal Esperança), 200 m, 6-7-IX-2004, 1♂, O. Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 58.135 (DZUP); Porto Acre (Reserva Humaitá), 200 m, 8-10-IX-2004, 1 ♀, 1♂, O. Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 58.136 - 58.137 (DZUP); Bujari (50 km NO), 200 m, 10-12-IX-2004, 2♂, 25-IX-2003, 1♀, 1♂, O. Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 58.138, 58.141, 58.139, 58.140 (DZUP), 20-23-VII-2004, 5♂, O. & C. Mielke leg. OM 65.827, 65.480, 65.778, 65.365, 64.699 (OM); Rio Branco, 16-VII-2004, 1♂, O. & C. Mielke leg., OM 64.827 (OM). Rondônia, (Linha 105, km 4, 50 km N Ariquemes [Rio Crespo]), 10-22-VII-1991, 1♂, C. Mielke & Miers leg., OM 27.573 (OM). Mato Grosso, Cáceres (Coronel Rio Branco, Rio Vermelho), 400 m, 3-VII-1972, 1♂, 2-VII-1972, 1♂, O. Mielke & Brown leg., DZ 58.146, 58.147 (DZUP); Diamantino (Fazenda São João, Alto Rio Arinos), 10-VII-1978, 1♀, Furtado leg., OM 91.757 (OM). Host plant According to Janzen and Hallwachs (2009), the immatures feed on Guadua paniculata Munro (Poaceae) in Costa Rica. Geographical distribution (Fig. 7) Costa Rica: Guanacaste (Janzen and Hallwachs 2009); Heredia (OM). Colombia: Boyacá (Hayward 1947); Putumayo (Cong et al. 2019); unknown locality (Evans 1955). Venezuela: Bolívar (Weeks 1906). Guyana: unknown locality (Godman 1901; Evans 1955). French Guiana, unknown locality (Evans 1955). Ecuador: [Bolívar] (Evans 1955); Cotopaxi (OM); Morona-Santiago (Williams and Hayward 1944); Napo (OM). Peru: Amazonas (Evans 1955); Loreto (OM; Evans 1955); Madre de Díos (DZUP; OM). Brazil: Acre (DZUP); Amazonas (Godman 1901); Mato Grosso (DZUP).