CONTROLLING THE SEA: MILITARY AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE TURTLE SHIP DURING THE IMJIN WAR (1592-1598)

This study explores the evolution of the Turtle Ship during Korea’s Joseon dynasty (1392–1894), also known as the Yi dynasty. While historical accounts of the Turtle Ship are limited, Admiral Yi Soon-Shin’s Nanjung Diary, Ryu Seong-ryong’s The Book of Corrections, and The Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty offer sufficient records to trace its lineage, with particular focus on its role during the Imjin War (1592–1598). The Imjin War was waged between Joseon Korea and Japan, loosely unified under Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537–1598). Under Admiral Yi’s command, the Joseon Navy remained undefeated throughout the war. Although the statistical superiority of the Joseon Navy is evident, such metrics fail to provide a comprehensive understanding. Key factors—including the utilization of the Turtle Ship—warrant closer examination. By analyzing the Turtle Ship’s engagements, this study offers a detailed assessment of its role and effectiveness during the war. In addition, it addresses significant debates about the ship’s structure, particularly whether it featured a two-decked or three-decked design and whether it qualified as an ironclad warship. These debates are rigorously examined through an analysis of various primary and secondary sources, aiming to refine our understanding of the ship’s possible construction and utility. A detailed breakdown of its naval battles further provides valuable insights into its functionality.