Comprehensive Analysis of the Education System in India: Before and After New Education Policy 2020

Abstract The education system in India has seen a substantial transformation with the introduction of the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020. This policy replaces the previous National Policy on Education, 1986, and brings a new vision for the Indian educational landscape. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the education system before NEP 2020 and the systemic reforms introduced by the policy. It examines structural frameworks, curriculum design, pedagogy, assessment strategies, teacher education, higher education reforms, and vocational training initiatives. Additionally, the study integrates a robust list of academic and policy-based references to support its findings.