Trends in Maternal Mortality in South America after the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Maternal mortality is a critical indicator of public health, reflecting access to and quality of healthcare. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing inequalities, negatively affecting maternal mortality in South America. Objectives: The overall objective of the study was to investigate maternal mortality trends in South America during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, with specific objectives to compare maternal mortality rates before, during, and after the pandemic, and to analyze socioeconomic and health factors that influence maternal mortality, with an emphasis on vulnerable populations. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted in academic databases such as PUBMED, SCOPUS, DIALNET, and SCIELO, using specific terms related to maternal mortality and COVID-19. Relevant studies and official data from WHO and PAHO were included. Results: The study revealed a significant increase in maternal mortality in the early years of the pandemic, followed by a gradual decline. The main causes included obstetric hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders. Indigenous and Afro-descendant women were disproportionately affected. Discussion: The pandemic redirected health resources, affecting primary care and reproductive health programs. Structural inequalities and lack of access to quality services were determining factors in the increase in maternal mortality. Conclusions: In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on maternal mortality in South America, revealing critical failures in health systems and exacerbating pre-existing inequalities. It is crucial to implement robust public policies and comprehensive approaches to reduce maternal mortality and ensure universal access to quality health care.