TRANSDERMAL PATCHES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) represent a promising alternative to traditional drug administration methods. These systems offer advantages such as bypassing the gastrointestinal tract, providing steady drug release, and enhancing patient compliance. This review discusses the historical evolution, mechanisms of drug delivery, technological advancements, applications, and clinical significance of transdermal patches. Special focus is placed on innovations such as microneedles, nanocarriers, and smart patches, which hold immense potential for revolutionizing drug delivery systems and enhancing patient outcomes.