COVID-19-ASSOCIATED ORGAN DAMAGES: PATHOGENESIS AND COMORBIDITIES

The renal implications of COVID-19 are critically examined, focusing on the pathophysiological mechanisms of kidney injury induced by SARS-CoV-2. Both direct cytopathic effects on renal tissue and the activation of inflammatory and immune responses are explored as key contributors to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). The influence of comorbid conditions—such as chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes—on the severity and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 is highlighted. Modern therapeutic approaches for managing COVID-19-related kidney dysfunction, including renal replacement therapies and extracorporeal detoxification, are also discussed in the context of critically ill patients.