Colletotrichum makassarense D. D. de Silva, Crous & P. W. J. Taylor

Colletotrichum makassarense D. D. de Silva, Crous & P. W. J. Taylor, IMA Fungus 10: 23 (2019) Fig. 4 Description. Pathogenic to tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and causes brown leaf spots on leaves. Sexual morph not observed. Conidiomata acervular, forming abundantly on CLA media, producing orange conidial masses. Conidiophores subcylindrical or subcylindrical, septate, hyaline, smooth, branched. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, branched, monoblastic, and 7–30 × 1.5–3 μm. Conidia straight, guttulate, subcylindrical, hyaline, aseptate, apex rounded and slightly tapering at the base, 12–14.5 × 4–5.4 μm (mean = 13 × 4.7 μm, n = 40). Appressoria of diverse shape, lobate, brown to dark brown, irregular margin, and 5–12.5 × 4–10 μm (mean = 8 × 7 μm, n = 20). Chlamydospores and setae are absent. Culture characteristics. Colonies on PDA reach 60 mm in diameter after 7 days of growth at 25 ° C in the dark, fluffy to cottony; circular shape, entire edge, with fluffy margin and medium density. Upper view white to smoke grey and reverse primrose. Material examined. Thailand • Chiang Rai Province, Phan District, Sai Khao, on tamarind (Tamarindus indica), February 2023, Maryam Fallahi, dried culture MF 99-3 (MFLU 24-0235), living culture, MFLUCC 24-0237. Notes. In the phylogenetic tree generated in this study, strain MFLUCC 24-0237 clustered with strains of Colletotrichum makassarense by 95 % ML, 83 % MP bootstrap support, and 0.98 BYPP (Fig. 1). The base pair differences between C. makassarense strains CBS 143664 (ex-type) and MFLUCC 24-0237 revealed 0.21 % (1 / 475) differences in ITS, 1.42 % (3 / 211) differences in gapdh, 1.26 % (3 / 237) differences in chs- 1, 0.24 % (1 / 410) differences in tub, and no difference in act. Colletotrichum makassarense (MFLUCC 24-0237) shows some difference to C. makassarense (CBS 143664, ex-type) by producing conidiogenous cells with an L / W ratio = 11 (7–30 × 1.5–3 μm in C. makassarense (MFLUCC 24-0237) vs. 7–25 × 3–4 μm in C. makassarense (CBS 143664, ex-type)). Colletotrichum makassarense (MFLUCC 24-0237) produced appressoria with diverse shapes and sizes (lobate, brown to dark brown, irregular margin, and 5–12.5 × 4–10 in C. makassarense (MFLUCC 24-0237) vs. solitary, medium brown, smooth-walled, subglobose, ellipsoidal to obovate, entire margin, 6–10.5 × 4–8.5 μm in C. makassarense (CBS 143664, ex-type)), and setae were absent in C. makassarense (MFLUCC 24-0237); however, C. makassarense (CBS 143664, ex-type) produced medium brown setae (de Silva et al. 2019). Also, C. makassarense (MFLUCC 24-0237) showed a high growth rate (60 mm after seven days on PDA) compared to C. makassarense (CBS 143664, ex-type) (40 mm after seven days on PDA). Colletotrichum makassarense is phylogenetically closely related to C. tropicale; however, they are distinguished by multi-phylogenetic analysis (de Silva et al. 2019). It was first isolated from fruit lesions of Capsicum annuum in Indonesia (de Silva et al. 2019). This study provided the first report of C. makassarense in tamarind (Tamarindus indica).