SpongeScapes D1.1 – Critical Review of Existing Knowledge on Sponge Functions for Different Climatic Zones, Soils and Land Uses in Europe

This document is Deliverable D1.1 – Critical Review of Existing Knowledge on Sponge Functions for Different Climatic Zones, Soils and Land Uses in Europe of the Horizon Europe project SpongeScapes. It provides a critical review of existing scientific knowledge on the concept of sponge functioning and measures to improve it across European landscapes. The review identifies key knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future research, policy and practice.