STRUCTURE, BUILDING, FUNCTIONS OF THE HISTORICAL CITY CENTER ON THE EXAMPLE OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

The historical quarter occupies an important place in the planning structure of the city. It can be either an integral part of the historical center or an independent fragment of the urban environment. The most popular method for the reconstruction of a historical quarter in the historical center of the city is the rehabilitation of the territory, that is, the restoration of lost fragments of the surrounding landscape while preserving its original functional use or purpose. This technique is implemented differently in domestic and foreign practice. Historic neighborhoods are becoming new citywide public spaces. They are assigned the role of cultural and educational centers. The historical quarter, as a rule, is integrated into the urban environment, has a developed pedestrian structure, which includes entertainment, sports, religious and recreational facilities, including those of citywide importance. The article also presents the results of the first stage of scientific research aimed at solving one of the fundamental scientific problems of our time - the development of theoretical foundations and methods of conservation, restoration, regeneration and recreation of architectural and construction heritage in developing cities. The author proposes a theoretical basis for the formation of a new direction in architectural activity related to the neutralization and transformation of the destructive introduction of modern buildings into the historical environment of cities.