Survey on IOT Security Vulnerability Risk Mitigation and Emerging Trends

The latest technological advancement, known as the Internet of Things (IoT), functions as a crucial force that links billions of intelligent devices throughout the healthcare industry sectors, as well as transportation systems and agricultural production, together with industrial operations. The extensive implementation of IoT systems brings important efficiencies and automation as well as data-powered decision processes, despite creating multiple security and privacy challenges for widespread implementation. IoT devices exist in resource-limited environments where their security features are insufficient, making them susceptible to data leakage attacks in addition to distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks and unauthorized intrusions. The research analysis examines existing IoT security challenges along with their protective measures, which involve key management systems and machine learning detectors, and blockchain authentication protocols as examples. The survey tracks current security advancements that include AI monitoring for anomalies and implementations of zero-trust frameworks and TPMs, and PUFs hardware security elements. This paper explores recent evidence from literature and actual events to show that IoT systems need adapted security solutions that scale effectively and operate with minimal weight. Research gaps and future strategies for IoT network resilience as well as trustworthiness, appear in this survey for promoting improvements in an interconnected digital environment.