Malnutrition among Young Girls: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract— Malnutrition is defined as excess or deficit in individual energy or nutrients intake. It is a persistent and multifaceted global public health challenge, with far-reaching implications for individual well-being, societal development, and future generations. Despite global efforts and progress towards reducing malnutrition rates, millions of people, particularly in low- and middle-income countries are suffering from malnutrition. It affects every segment of population irrespective of their age and sex but young and adolescents’ girls are more affected by it. It prevails in the society in its various form like undernutrition includes (stunting, wasting and underweight) and overweight includes obesity or in certain cases both known as double burden of malnutrition. Another form is iron deficiency Anaemia. It is still a big public health issue in India. This demographic is at increased risk due to a combination of socio-economic factors like family income, parents’ education, locality either urban or rural, cultural norms, inadequate dietary intake, gender-based discrimination, lack of access to nutritious food, and poor healthcare facilities. There are other social determinants of health classified into two structural and intermediary. Undernutrition causes mortality and morbidity, whereas overnutrition increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases. Their health issues have a direct impact on the newborn or can result in preterm or stillbirth, as well as maternal mortality. This review also discusses the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition. It is a global issue that necessitates a multi-sectoral strategy incorporating government measures, community participation, and nutrition education programs. Sustainable solutions are necessary to ensure the well-being and development of young girls, contributing to the general progress of the nation.