BIOREMEDIATION TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES

This research work highlights the importance of using higher aquatic plants such as Lemna minor, Azolla caroliniana, and Eichhornia crassipes in the bioremediation of wastewater generated by oil and gas production enterprises. The study assesses their ecological, toxicological, and biotechnological potential and explores the implementation of co-cultivation biotechnology for the biological treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater.The study found that domestic wastewater (mg/l: phosphates—5.66; chlorides—651.74; sulfates—664.33; nitrates—531.6; nitrites—16.36) and industrial wastewater (mg/l: phosphates—8.34; chlorides—577.94; sulfates—641.62; nitrates—664.01; nitrites—40.06) from oil and gas production enterprises were heavily contaminated with primary biogenic elements. Additionally, domestic wastewater contained iron at 0.38 mg/l, while industrial wastewater had iron levels of 0.96 mg/l.The research demonstrated that macrophytes significantly reduce the levels of salts and biogenic elements in industrial and domestic wastewater by assimilating these substances as nutrients during their growth. Notably, co-cultured E. crassipes and L. minor, which adapt well to the wastewater composition and reproduce synchronously, were found to absorb 79.42% of iron, 57.15% of chromium, and 66.67% of Cr in domestic wastewater. The practical outcomes of the study revealed that, compared to the traditionally used E. crassipes macrophyte in biological wastewater treatment, the co-cultivation of E. crassipes and L. minor in wastewater significantly enhances the removal of biogenic elements and heavy metals. The bioremediation purification biotechnology based on this co-cultivation method has been successfully implemented, moderating the chemical composition of industrial and domestic wastewater discharged from the enterprise to meet established regulatory standards.