A Review on Analytical Applications Of 1,10-Phenanthroline as Chromogenic Reagent

Chromogenic reagents play a pivotal role in pharmaceutical analysis by facilitating the detection and quantification of key analytes through precise colorimetric reactions. Among these, 1,10-phenanthroline is a versatile and highly sensitive reagent that forms stable metal complexes, making it indispensable in spectrophotometric, electrochemical, and chromatographic techniques. This article explores the diverse applications of 1,10-Phenanthroline in the quantitative determination of pharmaceuticals and metal ions, emphasizing its role in quality control, environmental monitoring, and advanced analytical methodologies. Spectrophotometric methods leveraging 1,10-Phenanthroline offer rapid, cost-effective, and highly accurate alternatives for drug and metal ion analysis, demonstrating excellent sensitivity and reproducibility. Additionally, emerging techniques such as flow-injection photometry, FTIR spectroscopy, and electrochemical sensors further expand its utility in modern analytical chemistry. The review underscores the growing significance of 1,10-Phenanthroline -based methodologies in ensuring pharmaceutical safety, regulatory compliance, and enhanced analytical precision.