Heikeopsis japonica

Heikeopsis japonica (von Siebold, 1824) (Figs 1-19) Doripe [sic] Japonica von Siebold, 1824: 14 (see footnote 5); 1826: 8; 1850: xiii (Shimonoseki or Nagasaki, see below). — Stimpson 1858: 163 (Hakodadi [sic, Hakodate]). — Herklots 1861: 137 (Japan). — Ives 1891: 216 (Japan). — Serène 1937: 77 (‘Indochine’). Dorippe callida – De Haan 1839: pl. 31, fig. 1 [Not Dorippe callida Fabricius, 1798]. Dorippe japonica – De Haan 1841: 122, 227 (Japan). — Nees von Esenbeck 1825: 87 (Shimonoseki). — Nishimura & Suzuki 1971: unnumbered fig in p. 102 (Japan). — Miers 1886: 327, 328 (Japan, near Kobe). — Stebbing 1893: 132, fig. 10 (reproduction of De Haan’s figure). — Rathbun 1902: 31 (Japan, Wakanoura, Kii). — Terazaki 1902: 87, unnumbered drawing in p. 87 [Japan and Korea]. — Anonymous 1904: 55, pl. 51, fig. 2 (Japan). — Doflein 1904: 292 (Japan). — Stimpson 1907: 167 (Hakodadi [sic, Hakodate]). — Parisi 1914: 302 (Japan). — Ihle 1916: 153, 156 (cit.). — Urita 1918: 161 (Japan: Kagoshima Prefecture; Korea). — Balss 1922: 118. — Maki & Tsuchiya 1923: 126, pl. 14, fig. 2 (‘Formose’, i.e., Taiwan). — Urita 1926: ii, 40 (Japan: off Sibusi, Oshumi, Kagoshima Prefecture; Teuchi, Shimo-koshiki-shima). — Ishikawa Prefecture 1928: 55, pls. 52, 53 (Japan). — Rathbun 1931: 99 [China: Tsimei (= Jimei), Amoy (= Xiamen), Foochow (= Fuzhou)]. — Shen 1931: 101, pl. 6, figs 1, 2 (Shaukiwan District and Honkong); 1932: 11, figs 6, 7a-e (North China Sea: Liaotung Peninsula; Liaotung Bay, Peichihli Bay, Shantung Peninsula); 1937a: 169, 171 (North China); 1937b: 305 (list of species from North China); 1940a: 213 (Hong Kong: Shaukiwan, Cheung Chau); 1948: 105 (China: Shantung Peninsula). — Yokoya 1933: 108, 214 (East of Owashi, east coast of Kii Peninsula). — Kamita 1934: fig. 1 (Korea); 1935: 62 (Korea); 1936: 30 (Korean Strait); 1941a: 28, figs 5, 6 (Korea); 1941b: 232, table (Korea); 1963: 21 (southern part of Japan Sea: Oki Islands). — Sakai 1934: 283 (Nagasaki); 1936: 41, fig. 5 (Japan); 1937: 72, pl. 10, fig. 1 (Japan: Nagasaki, Onomiti, Yasima, Tosa Bay; Korea: Zinsen); 1940: 49, fig. 3 (‘common to Japan, China and Manchoukuo’). — Lin 1949: 12 (Taiwan). — Sakai 1956: 6, 21, fig. 7 (reproduction of De Haan’s figure); 1965: 21 (list including Japan, Korea and China). — Kaneko 1958: 332, 336, pl. 15, fig. 10. — Miyake 1961a: 13 (sea around Amakusa); 1961b: 165, 170 (Kyushu: Sea of Ariake). — Miyake et al. 1962: 126 (Amakusa). — Chang 1963: 1 (Taiwan). — Shen & Liu 1963: 144 (list, Chinese Seas). — Serène 1968: 40 (cit.). — Holthuis & Sakai 1970: 46, 90, 116, 309, pl. 8, fig. 3 (reproduction of De Haan’s fig.). — Kim 1970: 9 (list, Korea). — Miyake & Takeda 1978: 2, 33 (Japan: Amakusa). — S. L. Yang 1986: 152 (China). — Zhou & Sun 1986: 223 (China, coast of Liaoning Province). — Dai et al. 1986: 48, fig. 24.1, pl. 5, fig. 6 (China seas). Dorippe cf. japonica – Kaneko 1958: 331. ‘ Crabes fort curieux’ – Fauvel 1880: 31 (China: Ningbo, Zhejian Province). Dorippe sima – Fauvel 1880: 196 (not Dorippe sima H. Milne Edwards, 1837) (Wu-sha, island near Zhoushan, Zhoushan Islands). Dorippe histrio – Rathbun 1931: 99. — Shen 1940b: 70, 76 [Not Dorippe histrio Nobilili, 1903] (South China: Yen t’ing, Chuanshih). Doryppe japonica – Dawydoff 1952: 139 (South China Sea: Paracel Islands). Neodorippe (Neodorippe) japonica – Serène & Rohmimohtarto 1969: 13, figs 19, 20A, B, pl. 2A, 5C, 6Af (Nhatrang Bay, Vietnam; Nagasaki, Japan). — Kim 1973: 290, 610, figs 85, 87, pl. 76, fig. 57a, b (Korea); 1977: 204 (list, Korea). — Kim et al. 1981: 285, 291 (list, Korea). — Kim & Kim 1982: 136, table 1 (Korea Strait, Yellow Sea). — Sakai 1976: 61, pl. 22, fig. 1 (Inland Sea; Saga Prefecture; Shimabara Peninsula). — Yamaguchi et al. 1976: 34 (Japan: vicinity of Aitsu Marine Biological Station). — Morita 1977: 16, pl. 2, figs 1-4 (Holocene fossil, Japan: Osaka City). — K. Sakai & Nakano 1983: 81 (Japan: Shikoku Island). Neodorippe (Neodorippe) japonica var. taiwanensis Serène & Romimohtarto, 1969: figs 21, 22, pl. 5A, B, D (Taiwan: Chilung, type locality). [Japanese name] – Imajima et al. 1970: 16, coloured fig. (Japan). — Sakai 1980: 4, fig. 12 (Japan). Neodorippe japonica – Takeda 1975: 121 (coloured figures); 1982: 93 (coloured figure) (Japan); 1983: 121 (coloured figure) (Japan). — Miyake &Takeda 1978: 33 (Japan);. — Terada 1981: 21-28, 30, 31, figs 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A (zoeae, Japan: east coast of Honshu Island and Enshu Nada, Shizuoka Prefecture). — Sugano 1981: 124-131 (as Heike-gani), 186, fig. 39 (Japan). — Horikoshi et al. 1982: 126 (Tosa Bay). — Sakai 1985: 330 pro parte, figs 1, 3 top, not fig. 3 (Japan and China). Nobilum (Neodorippe) japonica – C. M. Yang 1979: 3 (cit.). Nobilum (Neodorippe) japonica var. taiwanensis – C. M. Yang 1979: vii, 3 (Taiwan). Nobilum japonicum taiwanense – Manning & Holthuis 1981: 31 (cit.). Nobilum japonicum japonicum – Miyake 1983: 17, 198, pl. 6, fig. 1 (Japan). — Muraoka & Konishi 1988: 125 (zoeae). Nobilum arachnoides Manning & Holthuis, 1986: 364, fig. 1d (Japan: Inland Sea, near Kobe). Nobilum japonicum – Chen 1986: 123, fig. 5.23-27 (China: ‘from the coast of my country’). Nobilum [sic] japonica – Yamaguchi et al. 1987: 8, pl. 1, fig. 10 (list, photo, Japan: Amakusa Islands). Heikea japonica – Holthuis & Manning 1990: figs 29 (Jimei, Fukien Province, China), 30 (Japan), 31 (Jimei), 32 (Hong Kong), 33 (Taiwan: holotype of Neodorippe japonica var. taiwanensis), 34 (reproduction of 1839 De Haan’s fig.), 35 (reproduction of 1932 Shen’s fig.). — Yamaguchi & Baba 1993: 30 (list), 300, fig. 90- A, 90-B (Japan: list of lectotype and paralectotypes). — Wada 1995: 383, pl. 102-2. — Fransen et al. 1997: 83 (list of lectotype and paralectotypes deposited at RMNH). — Ng & Huang 1997: 267, figs 3F, 4B (Taiwan). — Muraoka 1998: 16. — Umemoto & Karasawa 1998: 11, fig. 7; Japan (Holocene fossil, Japan: Aichi Prefecture). — Takeda et al. 2000: 139, table 1 (list; possible record from Sagami Bay). — Itani & Fujihara 2001: 47, fig. 1 (carrying behaviour). — Yamaguchi & Holthuis 2001: 30, pl. 5, figs 41, 42 (pictures of Heikea japonica). — Chen & Sun 2002: 222, fig. 94 (various parts of China, including Taiwan, Nansha, South China Sea). — Marumura & Kosaka 2003: 23 (Shizuoka, Japan; Taiwan). — Yamaguchi & Baba 2003: 3. — Takeda & Ueshima 2006: 67 (Kyushu, Bingo (eastern Hiroshima), Bicchu (western Okayama), Kii, Sagami Bay, Incheon) [list]. — Takeda et al. 2006: 190. — Machida et al. 2009: 535, pl. 1B. — Takigawa 2017: 102, fig. 1 (historic study). Heikea arachnoides – Holthuis & Manning 1990: 72, figs 27, 28 (Japan: Inland Sea, near Kobe and Inland Sea without more details). — Ng & Huang 1997: 267, figs 3E, 4A (lIan County, northeastern Taiwan). — Takeda et al. 2000: 139, table 1 (list). — Chen & Sun 2002: 220, fig. 93, pl. 1-4 (Taiwan). Dorippe (Neodorippe) japonica – Dai & S. L. Yang 1991: 54, fig. 24.1, pl. 5, fig. 6 (China seas). Heikea japonicum [sic] – Ng et al. 2001: 8 (Taiwan). Heikeopsis japonica – Ng et al. 2008: 59 (list). — Ko & Lee 2013: 19, figs 10, 11 (Korea). — Wang et al. 2013a: 513, table 2; 2013b: 1392. — Ng et al. 2017: 36, fig. 3a. — Wang et al. 2017: Appendix 1. — Takeda et al. 2011: 34, figs 5-14 (Japan: around Tottori Prefecture). — Wu et al. 2016: Appendix 1 (Japan: Yellow Sea, and China: Bohai). — Davie 2015: fig. 71-2.31.E. — Takeda et al. 2019: 13. — Sasaki 2019: 7788 (references). — Luque et al. 2021: fig. 5a. — Khim et al. 2021: table S2 (Korean Peninsula). — Lee et al. 2021: table S2 (Korea). Heikeopsis japonicus [sic] – Luo et al. 2015: table S (Shandong, China). Heikeopsis arachnoides – Ng et al. 2017: 36 (Taiwan). Heikeopsis japonica and? H. japonica Guinot 2023: 225, 228, 238, 266-274, 323, 355, 356, 360, figs 1, 2A, 19, 31D, 32D, 35E, 38, 39 (revision). TYPE MATERIAL AND TYPE LOCALITY The lectotype and paralectotypes of Heikeopsis japonica were selected by Yamaguchi & Baba (1993: 300, figs 90-A. a-1, a-2, b, d-f, 90-B, as Heikea japonica) from the type series labelled ‘Types, Japan, 1823, Leg. P. H. von Siebold’, deposited in Leiden (RMNH.CRUS.D.822) (see Fransen et al. 1997: 83, as Heikea japonica). The lectotype is the male indicated with an arrow by Yamaguchi & Baba (1993: fig. 90-A, a-2). Photographs of the lectotype and many paralectotypes were kindly made and sent to us by C. H. J. M. Fransen. This material was subsequently re-examined and photographed by P. K. L. Ng. The type locality of Heikeopsis japonica should be Shimonoseki, as the type specimen(s) examined by von Siebold was a part of J. Cock Blomhoff’s collection, and von Siebold (1824: 14, footnote 3) noted on the species as “Ex urbe Zimonozeki affertur, fabulâque antiquâ comitata” [= It is brought from the city of Zimonozeki (= Shimonoseki), accompanied by an ancient legend] (see Introduction and also Takigawa 2017). Although the locality mentioned by De Haan (1841: 122, as D. callida) is Nagasaki, neither “Zimonozeki” nor “ Nagasaki ” is present on the labels of the lectotype and paralectotypes (Yamaguchi & Baba 1993: 300, as Heikea japonica; Fransen et al. 1997: 83, as Heikea japonica). Holthuis & Manning (1990: 77) only indicate the following for five syntypes: ‘ Japan (probably near Nagasaki), 1823, P.F. von Siebold’. It is also possible that the mythology of Heike and H. japonica at Shimonoseki was so strong that J. Cock Blomhoff might have believed his H. japonica specimen(s) must have come from this location. In any case, as the distance between Shimonoseki and Nagasaki is only some 160 km, populations from the two localities should belong to a same species. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Japan. Shimabara and Ariake Bay, Nagasaki • 1 ♂ 19.5 × 20.1 mm, 1 ovigerous ♀ 23.7 × 25.7 mm; Tomioka, Shimabara Bay; 29.V.1957; ZLKU 8337-8338 • 1 ♂ 17.5 × 17.7 mm, 3 ♀ 15.7 × 16.3 – 20.2 × 21.4 mm; Aratsu, Ariake Bay; 4.VI.1957; ZLKU 8350 -8353 • 1 ♂ 19.5 × 19.5 mm; Miike Bathing Beach, Omuta, Fukuoka, Ariake Bay; coll. T. Watanabe; 6.IV.2004; OMNH Ar 7003 • 1♂