Advancements in Technologies from 1G to 6G: A Comprehensive Evolutionary Review

Abstract:The rapid evolution of mobile communication technology from 1G to 6G has revolutionized global connectivity, reshaping industries, economies, and daily life. Each generation brought improvements in speed, latency, capacity, and frequency spectrum usage. This paper presents a comprehensive review of each generation of mobile networks, highlighting technological breakthroughs, key features, limitations, and societal impacts. The transition from analog to digital, the explosion of mobile internet, the advent of IoT, and the prospective vision for 6G are discussed to portray the progression and predict the transformative potential of future communications.