Functional Evaluation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction using Fixed Loop Vs Adjustable Loop Femoral Cortical Suspensory Fixation Device - An Observational Comparative Study

Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is crucial for knee stability. Several factors influence the clinical outcome of ACL reconstruction. The technique for femoral-sided fixation in ACL reconstruction continues to evolve. Despite their mechanical advantages, fixed loop devices have drawbacks. Objective: To compare the functional outcomes of ACL reconstruction using fixed loop versus adjustable loop femoral cortical suspensory fixation devices. Methods: This prospective observational comparative study at the Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences included 60 patients randomized into two groups of 30 each for ACL reconstruction. Inclusion criteria covered patients with primary ACL tears, while exclusion criteria included immature skeletons, multi-ligament injuries, and significant comorbidities. Anthropometric and demographic data were recorded, and standardized surgical techniques were employed. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Lysholm scale at six and twelve weeks postoperatively. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS V20, with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results: At six weeks postoperatively, both groups showed significant improvements in Lysholm scores compared to baseline, with Group B (adjustable loop) demonstrating a slightly higher mean score, indicating a potentially more favorable early recovery. By the 12-week mark, both groups achieved comparable and substantial improvements in knee function, highlighting the overall effectiveness of ACL reconstruction and rehabilitation. Conclusion: Both fixed loop and adjustable loop femoral fixation devices resulted in significant short-term functional improvements, as evidenced by Lysholm scores at six and twelve weeks postoperatively. Minor score variations were not statistically significant, indicating both devices support effective early recovery post-ACL reconstruction.