Enhancing Cancer Therapy with Phytosomes: A Review of Mechanisms

Phytosomes, advanced delivery systems that enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of plant-derived compounds, have gained significant attention in cancer therapy. This review explores the mechanisms through which phytosomes enhance anticancer activity, including improved drug solubility, enhanced cellular uptake, and sustained drug release. We discuss their ability to overcome challenges in conventional therapies, such as poor bioavailability, systemic toxicity, and drug resistance, by encapsulating bioactive phytochemicals like curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol. Moreover, we examine their role in modulating cancer pathways, such as apoptosis induction, inhibition of angiogenesis, and suppression of metastasis. Preclinical and clinical studies highlighting the synergistic effects of phytosome-based formulations with existing chemotherapeutics are also presented. By summarizing the current advances and challenges, this review underscores the potential of phytosomes as a promising strategy to optimize cancer treatment and improve patient outcomes. Phytosomes, an innovative drug delivery system, have emerged as a promising approach to enhance the therapeutic potential of plant-derived bioactive compounds in cancer therapy. These nanoformulations significantly improve the bioavailability, stability, and targeted delivery of poorly water-soluble phytochemicals, overcoming key limitations of conventional treatments. This review comprehensively examines the mechanisms by which phytosomes contribute to anticancer efficacy, focusing on their ability to enhance cellular uptake, promote controlled drug release, and protect bioactives from metabolic degradation. Specific phytochemicals, such as curcumin, quercetin, silymarin, and resveratrol, have shown enhanced pharmacokinetic profiles and amplified anticancer effects when delivered through phytosomes.