Vaccine Hesitancy: The Growing Treat to public health

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) identified vaccine hesitancy (VH) as one of the top 10 global health issues in 2019. We discuss the causes of VH, how it hinders vaccine uptake and prevents the development of collective immunity, and potential remedies. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines are still up for debate, which encourages VH and erodes public trust in vaccination. WHO has created survey questionnaires and behavioral and social drivers (BeSD) tools that nations can use to determine the causes of low childhood COVID-19 vaccine uptake and to develop national vaccination campaigns to dispel these myths.