Extrinsic Motivation and Work Motivation of Public Officials in Vietnam: Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Insights from Ben Cat City, Binh Duong

Work motivation plays a key role in improving the performance of public organizations, especially in the context of administrative reform in Vietnam. This article focuses on analyzing the role of exogenous motivational factors on the work motivation of public servants and public employees, based on two fundamental theories: Herzberg's two-factor theory and Vroom's expectancy theory. Based on the synthesis of international theories, combined with practical reflections from research in Ben Cat city, Binh Duong province, the article identifies four main groups of exogenous factors that affect work motivation, including: salary and bonus, benefits, working environment, and training and promotion opportunities. The analysis results show that the working environment is the factor with the most profound impact, followed by salary and promotion, while benefits play a stable supporting role. From there, the article proposes some policy implications to design a comprehensive public service motivation system, suitable for the administrative context of Vietnam, contributing to improving the efficiency and service quality of the state apparatus.