Euura brunnea ZMUO.

267 Euura brunnea (Norton, 1864) Figs 291, 505 Nematus brunneus Norton, 1864: 8. Holotype ♀ (ANSP Type no. 10323, ANSP), not examined. Type locality: USA, Colorado. Amauronematus knabi Rohwer, 1912: 244–245. Syntypes 2 ♀♀ (USNMENT00779111, USNM, http://n 2t.net/ark:/65665/3c1f0cc3e-72e3-43af-86be-b664539d43ae), not examined. Type locality: Canada, Saskatchewan, Oxbow. Amauronematus helleni Lindqvist, 1941a: 65–67. Syn. nov. Diagnosis Females (sterna green in live European specimens) are most similar to E. tillbergi and some other members of the E. vittata group, but serrulae of the lancet are triangular rather than papilliform as in the E. vittata group. At least some (if not most, or even all) North American specimens are almost completely pale (resembling E. punicea), but one such examined specimen (4m) from the USA has the same lancet as the European specimens and based on two nuclear genes (NaK and EF1a F2) is genetically well within the variability of the European specimens (see under Genetics). Males can be separated from the “ Amauronematus ” group species based on the penis valve. Type material examined Holotype Amauronematus helleni RUSSIA – Karelia • 1 ♀; Suojärvi [Suojarwi]; 62.090° N, 32.368° E; 23 May 1937; E. Lindqvist leg.; MZH, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.2528. Host plants Betula nana. Genetics COI Based on 15 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 0.91% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 4.21%, is Euura longiserra group specimen DEI-GISHym31072 from California, USA. Nuclear Based on 12 specimens, maximum within-species distance is 0.5% (0.29% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 1.4%, is Euura krausi. Based on 1774 bp of NaK and EF1a F2 and 7 specimens (including a specimen 4m from Massachusetts, USA), maximum within-species distance is 0.17% (0.51% based on haplotypes of individual females). The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 1.43%, is Euura abnormis. Distribution and material examined Holarctic. Specimens studied are from Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the USA.