Impact of Cultural and Socio-Economic Factors in Shaping Pregnant Women's Responses to Neonatal Health Education in Ondo State, Nigeria

Background: Neonatal health remains a major concern in Nigeria, with high mortality rates influenced by socio-economic and cultural factors. Despite the importance of neonatal health education, maternal engagement remains low in Ondo State. Objective: The study examined how socio-economic and cultural factors affect pregnant women’s engagement with neonatal health education, focusing on employment, education, household size, and cultural beliefs. Method: A survey of 772 pregnant women was conducted using structured questionnaires. Data were analysed using multiple regression and ANOVA to assess the impact of socio-economic and cultural factors on neonatal health education engagement. Results: Socio-economic factors significantly influenced engagement with neonatal health education (Adj. R² = 0.08, F(5,721) = 13.18, p < 0.05), with employment status, educational attainment, and household size emerging as key predictors. However, cultural factors did not significantly impact neonatal health education engagement (R² = 0.001, p > 0.05). Additionally, age significantly influenced engagement with media-based neonatal health education (F(5,721) = 17.60, p < 0.05), emphasising the need for age-specific communication strategies. Conclusion: The study concludes that while socio-economic disparities affect neonatal health education engagement, cultural barriers do not play a significant role. This suggests that targeted, media-driven health interventions can effectively bridge knowledge gaps among pregnant women. Unique Contribution: This study provides new insights into the role of socio-economic factors, rather than cultural influences, in shaping pregnant women’s engagement with neonatal health education. Key Recommendation: Policymakers should implement inclusive, age-specific neonatal health education programs and strengthen digital and community-based media to ensure broad access for all pregnant women, regardless of socio-economic status.