Efficient and Green Pathway for one pot Synthesis of Bioactive Spirooxindoles Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO- NP)

Abstract: Zinc oxide nanoparticles are used for an efficient one-pot, three-component synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives, incorporating isatin, malononitrile, and enolizable ketones such as 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, 3-methyl-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-pyrazoline-5-one, 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone, and 1-methyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-2-one. This method features inexpensive starting materials, easy separation, high catalytic efficiency, good product yields, and straightforward workup in a 1:1 (v/v) aqueous-alcoholic medium.