Foot Osteomyelitis Caused by Lasiodiplodia Theobromae Infection: An Extremely Rare Case Report - The First Case Report in China

Abstract Chronic osteomyelitis is often caused by bacteria, of which Staphylococcus aureus is the most common. Chronic osteomyelitis caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a soil-borne subtropical fungus, has not been previously reported in China and is rare among infectious diseases worldwide, which are associated mainly with sinusitis and keratitis infection. In this study, we report the first case of chronic osteomyelitis caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in China. The pathogen was identified by imaging, pathology and genome-wide testing, and the disease was effectively cured by aggressive surgery and antifungal therapy. The purpose of this study was to provide a reference for the subsequent treatment of osteomyelitis caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Keywords: Lasiodiplodia theobromae; Fungal infection; Foot osteomyelitis