Evaluation of the Effect of Hemorrhoid Surgery on the Fetus of Pregnant Women

Background: Hemorrhoids are a common affliction experienced by pregnant women. In cases where the hemorrhoids are 3rd or 4th degree, the only effective treatment is surgical intervention. Aim: This study is designed to evaluate the effect of surgery for hemorrhoids on pregnancy outcomes experienced by pregnant women. Methods: A total of 120 pregnant women who underwent hemorrhoid surgery constitute this cross-sectional study during March 2024 - March 2025 in Babylon - Iraq hospitals. Comprehensive data about demographic characteristics, diagnoses, surgical procedures performed, and postoperative complications were collected. Other outcomes included the frequency of live births, preterm deliveries, postoperative hospital stays, female satisfaction, and health quality-of-life assessments. Results: The study involved 120 pregnant women aged of 28.3 ± 5.4 years on average. The surgical procedures involved hemorrhoidectomy (41.7%) and rubber band ligation (33.3%). There were 95 live birth occurrences, five miscarriages, and 10 preterm deliveries. Postoperative stay was 2 days on average, with 70.8% of patients returning for follow-up. Pain scores were significantly reduced, with an average VAS score of 0.5 at 12 months after surgery. Complications were minimal in 8.3% of patients. Conclusions: Pregnant women who have hemorrhoid surgery report high satisfaction rates and little complications, indicating that the procedure has a manageable impact on improvements of fetal outcomes, including live birth rate.