An Overview of Asthma and Its Management

Affecting many individuals globally, asthma: a chronic, hyper-sensitized airways condition. It features airway responsiveness, episodic airflow limitation, and chronic airway inflammation, which can cause wheezing, dyspnea, cough, and chest tightness. Asthma has a complex etiology, with the interaction of genetic and environmental risk factors. This is already one of the most important public health issues, with the global burden of asthma still increasing, especially in urbanized and industrialized areas. Asthma pathophysiology is characterized by immune dysregulation, airway inflammation, and structural remodeling-all of which drive disease progression and exacerbate symptoms. Management aims at pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures to alleviate symptoms and avoid complications at the same time. Inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators, leukotriene modifiers, and biologic therapies are the cornerstones of pharmacological treatment for but they are also an important component of the management of the disease along with patient education, avoiding triggers, and making lifestyle changes. Asthma therapy has advanced significantly, yet challenges persist with poor treatment adherence and access to healthcare. Asthma is one of the most important global disease burdens: this review describes key aspects of asthma (epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and management approaches) to facilitate understanding and vision toward better disease control.