Leadership Strategies for Addressing Border Threats in Papua to Improve Surveillance in Indonesian Territory

Background: This study examines leadership strategies to address security challenges along the Papua border, an area vulnerable to cross-border threats and separatist conflicts. This study aims to formulate leadership strategies for addressing threats at the Papua border to strengthen Indonesia's regional surveillance. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research examines the role of strategic leadership in tackling security, social, and economic challenges in Papua’s border areas. Through the Pentahelix model—collaborating with government, academia, private sector, communities, and media—and leveraging modern technology such as drones and blockchain, this study finds that adaptive and collaborative leadership significantly enhances border surveillance effectiveness. Active community participation and international cooperation with neighbouring countries also contribute to creating sustainable national stability and security. The results underscore the importance of a holistic approach to border surveillance strategies that emphasize not only security but also community empowerment and infrastructure development.