Analytical Detection of Water Quality Parameters Using Flame Photometry, pH Measurement, and Conductivity Analysis

Water is a fundamental resource essential for sustaining life, supporting ecosystems, and ensuring public health. This study investigates the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water from seven sources in Chandwad Tehsil, addressing parameters such as pH, conductivity, hardness, sodium, potassium, and microbial contamination. The pH analysis showed that most samples were neutral to slightly alkaline, within the permissible range of 6.5–8.5. Conductivity values varied significantly, ranging from 0.07 to 1.85 mS/cm, reflecting differences in dissolved ion concentrations. Sodium and potassium content also varied across sources, with packaged drinking water and river water showing the highest concentrations, respectively. Hardness levels ranged from 150 to 830 mg/L, influenced by geological and anthropogenic factors. Microbiological analysis revealed significant contamination in untreated sources, with coliform bacteria identified in several samples, emphasizing the need for effective water purification and monitoring.