Reevaluating Cosmic Expansion: A Cyclical Cosmology Without Dark Energy

This paper proposes a reevaluation of cosmic expansion, suggesting that Redshift is primarily the artefact of stacked Doppler shifts, rather than space time expansion. By reconsidering the role of gravitational interactions and vacuum states, the model outlines a cyclical cosmology that eliminates the need for dark energy. Key predictions include Redshift anisotropies, a cyclic origin for the cosmic microwave background, and a collapse-triggered mechanism for cosmic renewal. This work invites further mathematical and observational validation.