A Comprehensive Approach for Performance Evaluation in Petrochemical Industry: Integrating Sustainable Balanced Scorecard, Dynamic Network DEA, and DEMATEL in a Neutrosophic Environment

Sustainability is increasingly vital in modern industries, necessitating comprehensive evaluation frameworks that assess both efficiency and sustainability. This paper introduces a novel approach to evaluating the efficiencies of Decision-Making Units (DMUs) using a Sustainable Balanced Scorecard (SBSC), dynamic network DEA, and DEMATEL within a Neutrosophic environment. Through Neutrosophic DEMATEL, we explored complex relationships among SBSC perspectives, gaining valuable insights into performance interactions. Industry experts defined key performance indicators (KPIs) specific to strategic objectives, which were incorporated into a Dynamic Network Slack-Based Measure (DNSBM) model for precise performance assessment. We employed a two-phase approach for evaluation in a Neutrosophic environment. Phase I addressed the dual roles of intermediate measures and carry-over activities using a MILP model. Phase II utilized optimal solutions from Phase I for performance evaluation. To manage uncertainty within the model, we transformed the proposed model into deterministic forms. This enabled computation of efficiency boundaries at varying degrees of variation, providing robust performance analysis. To validate the proposed approach, we analyzed nine oil refineries from the Marun Petrochemical Complex (MPC) across various perspectives for the years 1400 and 1401. The findings reveal that DMU9 consistently exhibits high performance, while DMU3 shows significant declines, particularly in the Customer and Environment perspectives. Other DMUs displayed mixed results, indicating both progress and regress, highlighting the dynamic nature of performance metrics. Our study demonstrates the value of combining expert knowledge with advanced analytical methods for a detailed understanding of organizational performance, with potential applications across various industries, including the petrochemical sector.