NEW APPROACHES TO SCIENTIFIC THEORETICAL IDEAS ABOUT THE PART OF SPEECH CALLED "PARTICLE" IN MODERN ENGLISH

Abstract The article deals with "The Particle" that has gained status as a structural part of speech in modern English, its research, and different approaches of linguists to it. For the first time, the researcher, acting from a different position, tries to clarify the question of whether "Particle" is a structural or a free part of speech, and in this matter, the author relies on the Azerbaijanian linguist O.I. Musayev's classification of parts of speech. He classifies parts of speech into notional (main), structural (functional) and free (independent) parts of speech. [O.I. Musayev, 2009, p.9] In this paper “Particle” is determined as a free part of speech, not as a structural part of speech. Besides it, unlike other grammarians, the researcher considers “The Particle" one of the ways of expressing modality. She bases on the fact that this part of speech emotionally emphasizes the word it belongs to in the sentence and expresses more modality. “The particle” is analyzed according to the following characteristics, which are the basis for the classification of parts of speech. 1. lexical-grammatical meaning 2. grammatical category 3. right-hand and left-combinability with words in a sentence 4. syntactic function 5. morphological characteristics (elements that make up the foundation) 6. its place in the word order; In order to determine which group of parts of speech the particle belongs to, different classifications of parts of speech given by well-known scientists are addressed. As a result, for the first time in linguistics, “The Particle” is included among free speech parts. Another main point of the article is the analysis and justification of ‘The Particle’ as a means of expression of the category of modality. This opinion is supported by the evidence substantiated by the researcher. The researcher notes that ‘Particle’ like interjections and modal words also express modality. He emphasizes that negative sentences express negative modality by means of the negative particles "no" and "not". According to him, if exclamatory sentences express exclamatory modality, negative particles are also a means of creating negative modality. In the article, referring to the opinions of linguists conducting research on “The Particle”, the attitude is reported and the results are systematized.