Exploiting Vulnerability: The Impact of Crises on Human Trafficking in Nairobi County, Kenya (2015-2023)

Human trafficking remains a pressing global issue, with crises exacerbating vulnerabilities. Guided by the push-pull theory, this study examined the relationship between crises and human trafficking in Nairobi City County, Kenya from 2015 to 2023. A sequential explanatory design was employed, with 384 participants including stakeholders, victims, and at-risk populations. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Findings revealed that 95.1% of respondents experienced crises, primarily floods (29.7%), fires (44.3%), and political unrest (26%). Economic challenges emerged as the main push factor (72.9%), while false promises of employment (66.4%) were the primary pull factor. Victims were predominantly female (78.9%), aged 10-25 (52.1%), with limited education (50.8% less than high school). Rural-to-urban migration within the county correlated with trafficking (94.3%), and international migration patterns influenced trafficking dynamics (96.1%). Although 87.5% were aware of anti-trafficking policies, only 24.7% found them very effective. Challenges included political barriers (81.5% very significant), social factors (83.1% very high impact), and legal gaps (78.1% very severe). The study concludes that comprehensive, targeted interventions addressing root causes and specific vulnerabilities are crucial. It recommends a program combining disaster preparedness, economic support, educational initiatives, and multi-stakeholder collaboration to reduce trafficking risks and enhance community resilience. Key words: Crises, Exploitation, Human trafficking, Victims, Vulnerability